لمحة موجزة عن الحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية التي تمتعت بها المرأة المسلمة في عهد النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم

A Brief Overview of the Economic and Social Rights Enjoyed by Muslim Women During the Era of Prophet Muhammadﷺ (Peace be upon Him)

Abstract

In the modern era, women face a wide range of economic and social challenges. These include inequality in the workplace, lack of access to education in some regions, domestic violence, societal pressures, and limited participation in decision-making processes. Despite significant advancements in women’s rights, many women around the world still struggle for economic independence and social justice. Islam, through the Qur'an and Sunnah, laid the foundation for the protection and empowerment of women more than 1400 years ago. The lives of the Mothers of the Believers (Ummahat al-Mu'mineen) serve as practical examples of how Islam recognizes and upholds the dignity, intelligence, and capability of women in society. Economically, women in many societies are often paid less than men for the same work or are excluded from high-paying jobs. Islam, however, grants women the right to earn and own property independently. The Qur'an states in Surah An-Nisa (4:32): “For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned.” This verse establishes economic equality and the right of women to their earnings. Khadijah (RA), the first wife of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), was a successful businesswoman, respected in her community for her wealth, honesty, and integrity. Her example proves that women can be active participants in economic life while remaining committed to Islamic principles. Socially, women today suffer from issues like domestic abuse, societal restrictions, and objectification. Islam strictly condemns injustice against women. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said in his Farewell Sermon: “Fear Allah concerning women! Verily, you have taken them on the security of Allah.” Islam ensures women’s social protection, respect, and participation in society. Aisha (RA), another Mother of the Believers, was a scholar, teacher, and a source of Hadith. She participated in public affairs and educated countless companions, demonstrating that women have a vital role in shaping intellectual and social life. Education is another key area where many women are still marginalized. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said: “Seeking knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male and female).” This obligation reflects the Islamic emphasis on equal educational opportunities. The intellectual contributions of the Ummahat al-Mu’mineen, especially Aisha (RA), highlight how knowledge empowers women to play constructive roles in both family and society. In conclusion, while women continue to face economic and social hardships in the modern world, the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah offer timeless solutions. By revisiting the lives of the Mothers of the Believers, we learn that Islam not only acknowledged the value of women but also provided practical frameworks for their empowerment and dignity. Implementing these teachings today can help create a more just and balanced society for all.